of the throne of God in chapter 4 by a literary device which is discussed in detail elsewhere in this volume.14 It consists of a formula which is expanded on each occurrence, thus: 4:5: ἀστραπαὶ καὶ φωναὶ καὶ βρονταί 8:5: βρονταὶ καὶ φωναὶ καὶ ἀστραπαὶ καὶ σεισμός 11:19 ἀστραπαὶ καὶ φωναὶ καὶ βρονταὶ καὶ σεισμὸς καὶ χάλαζα μεγάλη 16:18–21: ἀστραπαὶ καὶ φωναὶ καὶ βρονται καὶ σεισμὸς … μέγας καὶ χάλαζα μεγάλη The formula, whose core is an allusion to the Sinai theophany
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